Many plastic polymers are added with
plastic additives during the production process to improve formability or simply change pigmentation. Each substance contained in the material is part of the overall chemical composition and must be carefully controlled. Different kinds of plastic additives have different disadvantages and advantages, and are added to the polymer to make the polymers have different properties, so that the polymer has greater practical value and meets the increasing market demand.
Formability additive provides polymer impact resistance
A polymer with difficulty in formability can be used as a lubricant or processing aid to help the material stick to the metal surface and reduce the amount of energy required to make it. Certain additives, such as acrylic polymers, can improve impact. Pvc materials, which can be used in molding or extrusion equipment, are often considered as lubricants and as processing aids and additives. However, these additives contaminate other chemicals with solvents.
More and more polymer materials are pouring into the market, and various polymer products have emerged. Today's polymer products include polymer-made films, polymer batteries, and polymer batteries. Some of the properties are transparent, some are airtight, some are conductive, semiconducting, magnetic, etc. These excellent properties are widely used in various related industrial fields.
Improve polymer formability and stability
Different polymers have their own characteristics. Some polymers, such as rubber, have elasticity. Others, such as lignin or nitrocellulose, are relatively rigid and cannot be softened by materials that are not exposed to non-solvents. For this reason, a plasticizing compound can be added to the polymer to lower its hardness and improve its formability. The plasticizer collects a population of molecules between different polymer chains without changing the amount of polymer. This can less restrict the movement of the polymer chain.
Plasticizers typically have a solubility level close to the level of the polymer itself, as long as the polymers are compatible for use, and the plurality of plasticizing additives can be in a single mixture. When the plasticizer phthalic acid is introduced into a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) polymer, its melt viscosity can be lowered and its light stability can be improved. It provides an oxidation-resistant acid that also makes the polymer more susceptible to fungal contamination and corrosion.
Change the color of the polymer material
In order to adapt to the market demand, today's polymers can be made to have different colors by adding pigments. However, some pigments increase the chemical susceptibility of the polymer, so be careful when choosing pigments. Pigments, such as carbon black, do not react to form an etchant. Clay and other hydrophilic additives are water absorbing, which can damage certain polymers. Similarly, carbonate pigments, such as limestone, can make materials susceptible to corrosion by inorganic acids. These effects can be alleviated by other means. Additional binders, such as organosilanes, help to compensate for the deficiencies between the pigment and polymer molecules.
UV stabilizers and antioxidants make the polymer more stable
Many unsaturated polymers can be degraded from the release of organic peroxides from various sources, such as oxygen. To reduce the risk of deterioration of mechanical and chemical properties, phenolic or amine antioxidants can be added to these polymers, while certain pigments and stabilizers help shield UV light. Common additives having these effects are: Hindered phenol: a benzene ring from phenol plus a hydroxyl group. When substituted by a hydrogen bonded to an adjacent carbon atom and a heavier element, it is converted into a hindered phenol compound, thereby preventing oxidative degradation such as a rubber polymer.
Antioxidants: Secondary amines, including aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, can be used as an antioxidant in their composition to protect the polymer from oxidative deterioration. However, they also react with acids, making them susceptible to acid corrosion.
Stabilizers: Some organic polymers have photo-oxidation, which is caused by exposure of oxygen to ultraviolet light. Carbon black and UV stabilizers like hydroxybenzophenone pigments can be added to suppress the rate of photooxidation.
In the future, the market demand for polymers will increase, which requires the diversification of the properties of the polymer itself, and various plastic additives will play an important role in this development process, making the properties of the polymer diverse. And the application field is extensive.
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